Dental Plaque

Plaque, a thin layer of color is not continuously formed and attached above the surface of the teeth, if not cleaned this is a major cause of gum disease and further harden to form tartar.

Dental plaque; It is a collection of various kinds of bacteria on the tooth surface pelikel. The number of plaques depends on the kinds of food and cleanliness of a person's mouth. Plaque formation was preceded by pelikel consisting of glycoproteins from saliva. On top of this will stick pelikel various bacteria that form colonies. This plaque can not be eliminated with the mouthwash-gargle water.

It's easy to prevent dental plaque, ensure that:

1. Use dental floss to remove plaque dicelah teeth and below the surface of the gums.

2. Limiting foods that contain starchy or sugary, sticky snacks.

3. Regular visits to dental health check.

4. Brush your teeth thoroughly at least twice a day for dental plaque disappeared.

At the beginning most of the bacteria in plaque is a streptococcus bacteria Gram (-), Bacilli and bacteria bacillus (bacilli). Filaments begin found after a few days. Spirocheta spiral and started to show after 1-2 weeks.

The composition of the plaque that has matured consists of:

1. Gram (+) Bacilli and basil 50%
2. Gram (-) Bacilli and basil 30%
3. Fusobakteri 8%
4. Filament-8%
5. Vibrio 2%
6. Spirocheta 2%

Leukoplakia

Leukoplakia is a condition in which there is disruption of the gums, the inside of the cheek, the lower part of the mouth and tongue. A thickening of the intrusion or the presence of white patches. The cause of leukoplakia is unknown, but tobacco, either smoking or chewing, regarded as the main cause of this disorder.

Leukoplakia can be seen in some form. Changes usually occur on the gums, the inside of the cheek, the lower part of the mouth and sometimes on the tongue, and may appear white patches or grayish, and there are areas of thickened or hardened.

Leukoplakia usually harmless, but sometimes can be serious. Although most benign leukoplakia, a very small percentage to show early signs of mouth cancer.

If found leukoplakia symptoms are advised to consult a doctor.

Natural for Cough

Some medicinal plants that can be used to overcome cough:

1. Lilium sp.
Benefits: relieve cough, antihistamine, relieves asthma, coughing up blood.

2. Mentha sp.
Benefits: relieve cough, phlegm peluruh.

3. Citrus aurantifolia Swingle
Benefits: relieve cough, sputum peluruh, antioxidants.

4. Piper betle L.
Benefits: stop the cough (anti-tussive), reduce inflammation, antiseptic, antifungal, eliminate itching.

5. Zingiber officinale Rosc.
Benefits: warm respiratory, peluruh phlegm, anti-inflammatory. For cough due to colds, influenza and common colds.

6. Kaempferia galanga L.
Benefits: peluruh phlegm, relieve cough.

7. Centella asiatica Urb.
Benefits: anti-infective, antibacterial, reduce heat, neutralize toxic materal. for the flu coughs, bronchitis, lung spots, pneumonia, whooping cough

8. Abrus precatorius L.
Benefits: anti-inflammatory, lower the heat.

9. Citrus nobilis Lour.
Benefits: peluruh sputum, antiasma

10.Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Benefits: anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, reduce heat, analgesic, neutralize toxic materials / toxins, stimulate the body's immunity. for the flu coughs, bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, whooping cough.

Benefit Lemon

Various kinds of benefits for the health of lime include:

1. Renal. Two grains village lime juice diluted with 2 cups warm water, drink after dinner and do every day for 10 days.

2. Diphtheria. Carany: take two washed lime, squeezed the water, brewed with hot water 1 cup plus 1 tablespoon honey, used to rinse the mouth for two minutes while still warm, and drink and do 3 times a day.

3. Fever or flu. Take a lime wash and then squeezed, add onion 3 cloves that have been crushed and 1 tablespoon of coconut oil and apply on the patient's forehead.

4. Menstrual irregularities. Take three tablespoons lime juice plus 1 tablespoon honey and 2 cups hot water stir and drink while the average warm, 3 times a day.

5.To be spared from wrinkles stomach after giving birth. Quite easily, with a whiting tablespoon plus 2 tablespoons of eucalyptus oil and 2 tablespoons of eucalyptus oil and 2 eggs village lime juice, stirring until smooth, balurkan the stomach. You do for 3 months each day after bathing, to avoid the wrinkled stomachs, remain smooth and flat as ever.

6. Anyang-anyangan. Way, take two lime washed, pressed and rock sugar to taste and 1 cup hot water, stirring warm, drink once a day at the same time.

7. Cough. To use: take a lime washed, squeezed, mixed with 1 1 / 2 tablespoon of honey and a little salt, mix well and then filtered. Should be taken 2-3 times a day, or lime juice plus a piece of rock sugar and stir to mix, taken 1 time a day until healed.

8. Body odor. Overcome quite easily, lime slices large enough to be 2 parts, spread the slices with whiting thin. Apply to underarms after bathing and let stand for 5 minutes then rinse, apply every morning and afternoon.

9. Acne. Quite easily, which is an orange diirs then rubbed on skin.

10. Prevent hair loss or dandruff. Ie with two oranges cut into three sections, apply on the scalp until blended. Wrap the head with a towel overnight, shampoo the next day and do 3 times a week.

11. Stop the smoking habit. Simply Iris 1 lemon, smoked and drank water, and do several times a day.

12. Vertigo. Take half a handful of crushed lime leaves. Add 1 tablespoon lemon juice, rub it into the neck, temples, and forehead and do 2 times a day.

13. The mucus in the throat. You cut 2 pieces of lime, squeezed the water, capacity in the glass, add a little salt, then stir until smooth.

14. For those who want to streamline the body, add the juice of one lemon into a cup of green tea, you drink this potion every morning and evening, and do every day.

15. Ambeien. Take as many as 10 grams of lime tree roots washed, then boiled with 1 liter of water for 1 / 2 hours, then strain. Warm drink 3 times a day.

16. Tonsils. Namely by using the skin washed 3 limes, cut into pieces, then boiled with 2 cups of water until the water remaining 3 / 4, strained. The water used to rinse his mouth, do 3-4 times a day.

Red Dragon Fruit

Dragon fruit is usually consumed in the form of fresh fruit as a reliever thirst, because the dragon fruits contain high water content of about 90% of the weight of fruit. It was pretty sweet because it contains sugar content reaches 13-18 Briks. Dragon fruit can also be presented in the form of juice, fruit juice, jam or preserves maupu various forms of representation according to your taste.

Dragon fruit has a beneficial properties for human health such as balancing blood sugar levels, protecting oral health, prevention of colon cancer, reduce cholesterol, preventing bleeding and treating complaints whitish.

Overall, each of the red dragon fruit contains a protein that can increase metabolism and maintain cardiovascular health; fiber (to prevent colon cancer, diabetes and diet); carotene (eye health, strengthen the brain and prevent the entry of the disease), calcium (bone strengthening).

Dragon fruit also contains iron to increase the blood: Vitamin B1 (prevent fever entity); vitamin B2 (add to taste); vitamin B3 (lower cholesterol) and vitamin C (increase slipperiness, smoothness of skin and prevent acne).

Here is a complete nutritional dragon fruit:

Sugar levels: 13-18 Briks
Water: 90%
Carbohydrates: 11.5 g
Acid: 0.139 g
Protein: 0.53 g
Fiber: 0.71 g
Calcium: 134.5 mg
Phosphorus: 8.7 mg
Magnesium: 60.4 mg
Vitamin C: 9.4 mg

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus cavity. Sinusitis commonly found in people with hay fever, which occurs in people with chronic runny nose from allergies due to dust and essence of flowers. Sinusitis can also be caused by materials such as chemical irritants found in nasal sprays and other chemical substances that enter through the nose. Do not forget that sinusitis can also be caused by viral or bacterial infection.

Symptoms of sinusitis are the most common is headache, pain in the face, and fever. Almost 25% of sinusitis patients will have fever associated with sinusitis suffered. Other symptoms of a pale face, change the color of a runny nose, nasal congestion, pain swallowing, and coughing. Some patients will experience headaches intensified when the subject's head forward. In the allergic sinusitis sufferers will also experience other symptoms related to allergy such as itching of the eyes, and sneezing sneezing.

Sinusitis can occur when there is interference from the air stream and into the sinus cavity and the presence of mucus discharge interference. The presence of fever, flu, allergic and irritant materials can cause swelling in Ostia, so this drainage holes become clogged and disrupt the flow of air sinuses and mucous discharge. Another cause of hopelessness is Ostia tumors and trauma. Mucous fluid drainage out of the sinus cavities can also be hampered by the liquid thickens mucus itself. This condensation occurs due pemberiaan antihistamine drug, disease and other cystic fibro others. Mucus-producing Tues fine hair (cilia) that always moves to push the fluid out of the mucus sinus cavity. Cigarette smoke is the culprit of the destruction of this fine hair that mucus discharge becomes disrupted. Mucous fluid accumulated in the sinus cavity in the long run is a comfortable place for life bacteria, viruses and fungi.

Aid for Fever

Fever or symptoms of heat it can stand alone or part of a collection of symptoms a disease. Fever is an important sign to note, because in the beginning is often not or the cause is unknown, and dangerous or not.

If we are a fever, you should measure the temperature in the underarm thermometer four times a day every 4 to 5 hours. This temperature is recorded because it will be useful to show the doctor. He is later to check could get the impression of illness ups and downs of body temperature. For example the temperature of typhus fever at 3 to 4 days only ride the first night; morning heat loss. For typhoid fever is almost always begins with the temperature not too high in the early days. So, if the first day's body temperature was about 39 to 400 with a shiver, almost certainly was not typhoid. New typhoid fever was suspected when running 4 to 5 days or more.

Conversely, fever is on the first day was suddenly high, usually caused by viral diseases, such as influenza or dengue fever. Of course there are many other infectious diseases like typhoid temperature patterns or viral infections, but in Indonesia it can be said 90% of sudden high fever caused by a virus. Because it had suffered a fever for more than 2 to 3 days a doctor should be consulted as necessary to determine the cause. In our country, one of the most feared causes dengue fever is, the more pronounced in the rainy season.

What to do if your family member had a fever? First, he must rest. Covered with a thick blanket just is not justified. Hot air instead of the body can not evaporate so that the temperature will be added up. The kids can even seizures (stuip). The cold is because your body temperature rising abruptly.

The best action is to wipe the whole body of patients with wet cloth continuously for 5 to 7 minutes. With a yawn of water from the skin, the body will also be cooled so that usually in that time period the body temperature has dropped. Not good use of alcohol for this purpose because the alcohol will be absorbed through the skin. Do compress only the head is also not effective because the contact surface is too small. But the patient must be given to drink a lot to go cool his body.

Ulcers Herbal Medicine

Plants are efficacious for treating ulcers are:

Curcuma rhizome Key (Java language: the key)

Rhizome dii meeting can lock in chewing and swallowing. Rhizome slices with chewing betel nuts can heal ulcers but also can cure a dry cough.


Betel

Pick 1 or 2 pieces of betel leaf. Wash and clean leaves chewed to pulp. Let the leaves briefly in the mouth, especially in the affected parts sprue.


Guava Leaf

Boiled in 1 liter of water: 1 handful of fresh guava leaves and bark is 1 finger. Strain the water from the stew and drink 2 times a day

Guava water

Cashew bark approximately water 10 gr (yg still young), washed & finely ground plus half a glass of boiled water and filtered. used distillate rinse.

Katuk Leaves

Katuk washed a handful of leaves, mash, and then stick to the affected part.

be useful for:

- Increase the milk (milk).

a) A handful of leaves into katuk cooked vegetables (eg, clear vegetable) or engulfed. Consumption katuk done regularly.

b) A handful of leaves that are dried katuk, temu lawak 5 slices, 5 slices of braised with turmeric 2 liters of water to boiling. Enter the Java 2 eyes acid, mix well. Once cool, strain. Drink 2 times a day with 1 teaspoon honey.

c) A handful of leaves that are dried katuk, temu lawak 5 slices, 5 slices of braised with turmeric 2 liters of water to boiling; enter the Java 2 eyes acid, stir well, strain, mix with 1 tablespoon of honey, drink 2 times a day.

d) A handful of leaves into katuk cooked vegetables or engulfed; do regularly.

- Medicine constipation or urinary frambusia. Boil leaves and drink katuk regularly.

a) A glass katuk leaves washed, boiled, strained. Drink water regularly.

b) medicine constipation. A glass katuk leaves washed, boiled, strain; rebusannya and drink water regularly.

- Drug boils / ulcers.

Traditional Drugs

High blood pressure or hypertension is closely linked to increased heart attacks and strokes. Causes of high blood pressure, among others, the hardening and clogging arteries. Diseased blood vessels become narrow, so that the heart requires a greater pressure to pump blood to the blood vessels.

Some natural medicines that can reduce abortion and even cure high blood diseases, among others:

1. Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.)
Effect: the circulation of blood clots, and dilute, neutralize toxins in the body.

2. Garlic
Benefits: reduce high blood pressure and high cholesterol, destroying blood penggumplan

3. Onions
Benefits: Having the same benefits of garlic

4. Daun Salam (Syzigium polyanthum)
Benefits: reduce koesterol and high blood pressure, lowering high blood sugar levels.

5. Seaweed (Laminaria japonica)
Benefits: normalize blood pressure, lowering high cholesterol, prevent atherosclerosis.

6. Cucumber
Benefits: potassium levels high mineral useful for
reduce high blood pressure, and is useful also to reduce kidney stones

7. Cantaloupe
Benefits: Same as cucumber is rich in potassium content, both to reduce high blood pressure and also good for kidney problems / bladder
Some fruits / plants that have the same content with cucumbers / cantaloupe: peaches or peaches, strawberries, raspberries, turnip leaves and wheat grass.

8. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Benefits: reduce high cholesterol, lowering high blood pressure, lower blood sugar

Danger Much Sleep

Did you know ... one of the causes of liver cancer is much tidut?

The main causes of liver damage are:

1. Not eating breakfast.
2. Too much consumption of drugs.
3. Consume too much preservatives, additives, dyes, artificial sweeteners ..
4. Cooking oil is not healthy. As far as possible reduce cooking oil use when frying foods, it is also true even using even the best cooking oils like olive oil.
5. Sleeping too late and wake up too much daylight is the main cause.
6. No waste in the morning ..
7. A diet that is too much
8. Consuming raw or cooked dishes cooked 3-5 parts. Fried dishes must be devoured immediately, not stored. We must take reasonable precautions with no additional cost. Simply set the lifestyle and diet a day - day. Treatment of eating patterns and the condition of time is necessary for our bodies can do the absorption and disposal of substances that are not useful in accordance with the "schedule".
For:
Pk night 21:00 to 23:00: the disposal of substances is not useful / toxic (de-toxin) dibagian antibody system (lymph nodes). During this time duration should be passed with a quiet atmosphere or listening to music. If at that time a housewife is still in a condition that is not relaxed such as washing dishes or watching children learn, this can be a negative impact on health.
Pk night 23:00 - 01.00 in the morning: the process of de-toxin dibagian heart, must take place in conditions of sleep.
Early morning 01.00 - 03.00: the process of de-toxin dibagian bile, also took place in conditions of sleep.
Early morning 03.00 - 05.00: de-toxin dibagian lung, because it will happen a great cough for cough sufferers of this duration diving. Because the cleaning process (de-toxin) has reached the respiratory tract, it does not need to drink cough medicine so as not to impede the process of sewage.
Morning pk 05.00 - 07.00: de-toxin in the large intestine, have a bowel movement.
Morning pk 07.00 - 09.00: when the absorption of food nutrients to the small intestine, to eat breakfast. For a sick person should eat more in the morning ie before 06.30 pk. Eat breakfast before 07.30 pk extremely good for those who want to maintain their health. For those who do not eat that morning hoping to change this habit, even still better late breakfast until 9-10 pk than not eating at all. Sleeping too late and wake up too the day will disrupt the process of disposal of substances that are not useful. In addition, from midnight until 4 o'clock in the morning is the time for bone marrow to produce blood. For that reason, and Do not Sleep Begadang Wonderful.

Poisoning

poison is any substance or substances in a relatively small number when entered into the body will cause a chemical reaction that will cause illness or death.


The main manifestations of poisoning are vision problems, respiratory problems and hyper active gastro - intestinal.
• Acute Poisoning
Symptoms - symptoms begin 30 to 60 minutes and a maximum mencapi in 2 to 8 hours.


1. Poisoning Weight:
- Diarrhea, pin point, pupils did not react, difficult breathing, pulmonary edema, sianons, spirgter lost control, seizures - seizures, coma, and heart block.

2. Poisoning Medium:
- Nausia, Salivasi, lakrimasi, abdominal cramps, vomiting - vomiting, sweating, slow pulse and fasikulasi muscle.

3. Mild poisoning:
- Anorexia, headache, dizziness, weakness, anxiety, tremors, tongue and eyelids, miosis, blurred vision.

• Chronic poisoning
- Kolinesterase inhibition will persist for 2 to 6 weeks (organofospat). To bond with the Ache karbamat only temporary and will be off again after a few hours (reversible).


- Symptoms - symptoms when there is like a mild acute poisoning, but if the exposure again in small amounts can cause symptoms - severe symptoms.


Death usually occurs due to respiratory failure


Respiratory failure may also occur due to respiratory muscle weakness, spasm of the bronchus and pulmonum edema.

No Smoking !!!

TAKE SMOKING DISEASES

Tobacco is a risk factor for at least 25 types of disease


Chronic respiratory diseases

Stroke

Kereputan bones (osteoporosis)

Heart disease

Infertility

Disconnect the early period

Deformed baby

Baby Miscarriage

Kanser mouth

Kanser Esophagus

Kanser pharynx

Kanser pankrias

Kanser breast

Lung Kanser

Piss pot Kanser

Kanser stomach

Kanser intestine and uterus

Dead shoots

Bronchitis

Coughing

Disease ulser peptik

Emfisima

Muscle weakness

Gum disease

Kerosakan eye


Compared with the no terdedah with secondhand smoke, passive smokers have a higher risk to suffer from various kinds of diseases
Heart disease - 30%
Kanser - 25%


Carcinogenic substances (triggers kanser) contained in cigarettes are:
vinyl chloride
benzo (a) pyrenes
nitroso-nor-nicotine

The only thing more dangerous substances than cigarette smoke in triggering lung kanser are radioactive substances. That is, if eaten or dihidap in sufficient levels.

Bald

Bald, cause, if not the stress of her luggage had been so (hereditary).

Local balding can also cause a disease. Mushrooms, or head lice, may damage certain parts of the head of hair. This temporary balding, hereditary balding does not like, can be recovered after the cause eradicated. Burn scars or marks that the ulcers in the scalp for example, always leaving the local bald, too. People call it bald spot.

Bald comprehensive disease can generally disisakan attack of typhus fever. Impeachment of the head hair evenly.


Normal, the hair will fall out less than 100 strands a day. There hair fall that appears periodically, accompanied by the growth of new hair buds.

Normal, hair thinning with age. Abnormal loss, but not accompanied by the hair bud, also a progressive place. Almost all of baldness, the men and women, a genetic cause.


Evenly loss can also occur if the lack of nutrition, due to a particular diet, the influence of drugs, hormones, pregnancy, other than lack of hair care and choosing the wrong shampoo, shampoo or soap habit. Not infrequently loss also occurs due to the use of cancer drugs, chemotherapy, and after radiation therapy.

Thinning hair in different parts of the head of its meaning with thinning at the top of the head or in another part. Child malnutrition is generally loss of hair on the edge of the head. The influence of male hormones cause balding on the top of his head.


Men with baldness, especially in the top of the head, the recipient cell body of androgen hormones (androgen receptor) more than men who did not inherit the talent bald. That means the level of male hormone testosterone circulating in the blood is relatively higher than men who are not bald.

These conditions are brought into the risk of thickening of artery walls (atherosclerosis and thrombosis), resulting in increased blood tension, in addition to excess cholesterol.

So the man with a bald crown of the head which is generally accompanied by high blood pressure, almost certainly save the risk of coronary heart disease. A study of the correlation peak bald head with heart disease had a lot done. Similarly, the correlation between the bald top of his head with prostate cancer.

Benefits of Soy Milk

The benefits of soy milk content:

Vitamin E
Preventing skin cancer, preventing skin wrinkles, helps the process of menstruation, prevent impotency, treat kadiovaskular (heart disease), and antioxidants.
Mineral
As an enhancer of bone strength in the structure of teeth, nails, and the immune system against disease.
Polysaccharide
Serves as a control excess sugar levels in the blood.
Isoflavone
As a magical substance soy milk, to nourish your body fitter exposed to various diseases abstinence.
Good cholesterol (HDL)
In the body of bad cholesterol which is reaping Calcification of blood vessels. So HDL or good cholesterol in the soy milk can prevent against Calcification with bad cholesterol.
Calcium
Serves as a new bone-forming ingredients, strengthens bones, regulate muscle function, with normal blood meredarkan, controlling fatty acids in the intestine.
Protein
The protein contained in soy milk are composed of amino acids in the form of lecithin, arginine, lysine, glycine, niacin, leucine, isoleucine, trionin, tryptophan, fenillalanin. Works to boost immunity, repair damaged tissue, maintain body growth.
Carbohydrates, Fats Vegetable
As a source of energy in the body, as the good fats in the body.
Fiber / Fiber
Very good to facilitate digestion of food and disposal.
Vitamin A
Vitamins are useful for maintaining eye health, helps the reproduction process, launched the nervous system of the body of work.
Vitamin B1 and B2
Serves to provoke reactions dalm the body and vitamin B2 as a pigment in cow's milk and soy milk.

Benefits of Honey

Honey is a mild disinfectant, so that they can heal sore throats. This sweet liquid can also increase the production of saliva or salivary fluid that can help overcome a dry throat or irritated.
The opera singers use honey to maintain the condition of their throat so he could sing with excellent sound quality.
Honey is useful for urinary tract infections.
Honey overcome dizziness.
Honey is directly taken from the nest can increase body weight., And is a mild laxative.
Long stored honey helps the body metabolism.
Honey can preserve food. Cakes by using honey instead of sugar will be longer fresh because it contains a natural antibiotic.
Honey overcome respiratory problems, especially to expel phlegm or fluids that clog airways.
Honey is believed to be generating aprodisiak or sexual arousal.
Honey can heal wounds infected after surgery, ulcers, drugs for treatment of cancer patients post surgery vulva, stitches and skin transplantation.
Honey shorten the life of bacterial diarrhea in infants.
As medicine wound, honey can absorb water on the wound, thus preventing infection and improving the network quickly. Honey through injuries, and help the formation of new tissue granules.
Honey stop the growth of pathogenic organisms in patients with urinary tract infections.
Because they contain sugar rapidly absorbed by the digestive system, honey is a source of instant energy.
Honey is antibacterial because natural acidity and hydrogen peroxide are produced.
Regular consumption of honey strengthens the white blood cells to fight bacteria and diseases caused by viruses.
Honey good for the eyes and vision.
Reducing the effects of poison.

Chili for Health

Chili has a great benefit to overcome health problems.

Spicy chili that can heal wounds infected by a knife or cuts.

Surely you imagine will make the chili was spicy painful wounds.

In general, if the injured covered with iodine.

And in a way that is simpler, the wounds will heal quickly.

Way, dried red chilies until smooth then pounded.


After that spread on the wounds. Once again do not imagine that chili powder will make the wound feel pain or burning.

On the contrary, will stop the pain fast and bleeding.

Because cayenne normalize blood flow and salve contains chemicals called capsaicin pain.

This substance is useful to heal the pain. So that the material used in pain relief ointment.

This as an alternative way of easy, cheap and fast.

Chili leaves can reduce a fever that attacked at any time.

Of course, these natural therapies can be done without some risk of harm.

Like usual dadap leaves to compress fever.

Chili leaves are also effective enough to reduce a high fever.

Way, the first handful of cayenne pepper leaves.

Then crushed, and add 1 tablespoon salad oil.

Combine these two ingredients until blended.

After that attached to the fontanel

Or also on the entire body dibalurkan.

Then the patient covered with a thick blanket.

Before long, the body must be warm and sweat.

So that body heat will decrease rapidly.

Because its leaves and chili peppers contain a substance the body warmer.

So that body heat will decrease rapidly.

Leprosy

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. This disease is a type of granulomatous disease in the nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. If untreated, leprosy can be progressive, causing damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Unlike the myths that circulate in the community, leprosy does not cause the release of the body so easily, as in tzaraath disease.


Multibasiler leprosy, with the current severity, is the type often found. There are skin lesions that resemble leprosy tuberkuloid but more numerous and irregular; large part can disrupt the entire leg, and the edge of a nervous breakdown with weakness and loss of taste stimuli. This type is unstable and can become like lepromatous leprosy or leprosy tuberkuloid.


Lepormatosa leprosy lesions associated with, nodules, plaques symmetrical skin, thinning skin dermis, and the development of the nasal mucosa causing blockage of the nose (nasal congestion) and epistaksis (nose bleed), but the detection of nerve damage is often too late.


Leprosy tuberkuloid marked with one or more macular hipopigmentasi the skin and parts do not come (anesthetic).


Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy. An acid-resistant bacteria M. leprae is aerobic bacteria, gram positive, rod-shaped, and surrounded by candles cell membrane that is characteristic of Mycobacterium species. M. leprae can not be cultured in the laboratory.


High-risk groups affected by leprosy are living in endemic areas with poor conditions such as a bed that is not adequate, water is not clean, poor nutrition, and the inclusion of other diseases such as HIV that can suppress the immune system. Men have affected the level of leprosy two times higher than women.

Lice

Hair stigma lazy people bathe, wash lazy as his place of head lice multiply was not quite right. Head lice are like hair and scalp clean.


lice, small animals who like to spread the strands of hair were found including groups parasites. Lice breed by laying eggs. Head lice eggs are placed in the patient's scalp.


There are some materials that we encounter in seringali house that can be used to help remove the lice.
- Mayonnaise (original)
- Olive oil
- White vinegar


Choose one of the above ingredients, do not use simultaneously. Rub into the scalp, then let stand for 2-3jam. Next, comb the hair with a special comb to remove lice. Then shampoo as usual and rinse the head thoroughly.

Repeat this treatment every 3hari, until your scalp is free from lice attacks. If necessary repeat every 10 days.


There are several ways that can be used to remove lice.
1. Combing with a special comb, serit.
2. Giving lice-killing medication.

Burn Care

Burn Care:

- Definitive Care

. Semi-care open

Just as the open treatment but also provided local medicines. Local drug berberntuk cream will soften the eschar and easy to clean maintenance.

. Treatment Open

Exudate is out of the wound will dry up and debris will be a layer of eschar. Healing will take place under the eschar. Patients treated in the isolation room. Each broken eschar should be given medicines and locally controlled if there is accumulation of pus under the eschar done pempukaan emotion eschar (escharotomi).

. Care close

After the wound clean, covered with a layer of sterile cloth with holes (tulle) that contain petroleum jelly with or without antibiotics and then wrapped thick to prevent evaporation and protect the skin from trauma and bacteria. The joints are placed in the position of full extension.


- Care First

1. Immediately after burn, cool the burn under cold water, the best temperature 20oC for 15 minutes

2. I second-degree burns do not require special treatment, cleaned and given analgesics alone.

3. Second-degree burns and III, the patient cleaned his entire body, her hair washed, cut nails, then rinse the wound with liquid soap mengandungdesinfektan like cetrimid 0.5% (savlon) or potassium permanganate. Skin of dead skin removed, bullae opened because most liquid in it will be infected

Prevent cavities

Prevent cavities


1. Use dental floss to remove food scraps
Time food is left, should not be removed by using a toothpick. Use a toothpick can cause a gap between the larger teeth can cause injuries in addition to the gums.


2. Choose a toothpaste that contains fluoride
Using toothpaste that contains fluoride. This substance is one of the enamel-forming material. The existence of these substances can prevent tooth decay.


3. Eat fibrous foods
Consuming vegetables or fruits can prove stronger teeth and prevent cavities.


4. Reduce foods containing sugar and flour
This type of food if left on the teeth and the bacteria will cause acids that create cavities.


5. Checking your teeth regularly
Visit your dentist every 6 months even if you do not feel the toothache. This is needed so that doctors can detect a small hole that happens to teeth and can be handled immediately so that the hole is not bigger. Can also detect the uneven teeth or grooved teeth which can cause difficult to clean.


6. Brushing your teeth regularly and at the right time
The morning after breakfast and at night before bed is a good time to brush my teeth. Saliva is not much out of our time sleeping, so the teeth will be damaged if you let the rest of the food on the teeth without the brush. Saliva is useful to memlinfungi teeth from cavity-causing bacteria.


7. Brushing teeth the right way
While brushing teeth has been carried out regularly, but if done in a way that is not true, of course the result will not be maximized. The right way is to brush downward to the front teeth (incisors) the top, brushing towards the top to the bottom front teeth and brush horizontally for molars. Brushing teeth should be longer, because this tooth has the potential to stick leftovers.


8. Mouthwash after meals
Brushing teeth is not possible after we eat, the best way is to rinse out his mouth so that leftovers do not keep sticking and reduce the acid in the dental situation.

Fever In Children

"A fever may be a reaction to an infection"

Infection in the body can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. All the organs in the body can become infected. For example, attacks the respiratory tract and cause coughing runny nose, sore throat or the tonsils. Infection can also attack the ears, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and others. In short, anything can be attacked by viruses and bacteria.

Fever is an increase in body temperature above normal. In children, normal body temperature ranges between 36-37,5 degrees Celsius. Many parents do not understand, fever is not a disease, but symptoms or signs.


Symptoms of fever in children usually tend to be weak child, vomiting, dehydration, not eating, and very fussy.


Other symptoms:


"For example, the child complained of abdominal pain, ear pain during urination, or other symptoms such as shortness of breath, there are red spots on the skin surface, and so on. If these symptoms appear, the child must be taken to a doctor for further tests. But in the first 24 hours, these symptoms are usually not seen. "


That often occurs is the strain accompanying the fever. Seizures due to fever, to each child is different. There is a high heat threshold of a new strain can occur, there are also low. In addition, febrile seizures are more common in the age between 6 months - 4 years.


Some diseases dangerous, even deadly, has symptoms of fever, along with other symptoms. Including dengue fever, kawasaki disease, bird flu, and others.


Bring your child to the doctor immediately if:

- Ear discharge

- Not hungry

- Headache

- Vomiting and diarrhea

- Fever over 38 degrees Celsius for more than 3 days.

- Fever came and went for a few days.

- Dry mouth.

syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria spiroseta, Treponema pallidum. Transmission is usually through sexual contact, but there are some other examples of such direct contact and congenital syphilis (transmission through mother to child in the uterus).


Symptoms and signs of syphilis many and different; before serologikal test development, the diagnosis is difficult and the disease is often called the "Great Duplicator" because it is often mistaken for other diseases. The data reported by the Ministry of Health indicates syphilis sufferers reach 5000 to 10,000 cases per year. While in China, the report shows the number of reported cases rose from 0.2 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1993 to 5.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2005. In the United States, reported approximately 36,000 cases of syphilis each year, and the actual number is higher diperkiran. About three-fifths of cases occur to men.

If untreated, syphilis can cause serious effects such as damage to the nervous system, heart, or brain. Untreated syphilis can be fatal. People who have exposed the possibility of syphilis or discover his sex partners of syphilis may be affected are encouraged to immediately see a doctor as soon as possible.

Germs cause called Treponema pallidum. The period without symptoms lasted 3-4 weeks, sometimes up to 13 weeks. Then comes the bump around the genitals. Sometimes accompanied by dizziness and flu-like bone pain, which will go away without treatment. There are red spots on the body about 6-12 weeks after sex. These symptoms will disappear by itself and often the patient does not notice this.

During the first 2-3 years of this disease does not show any symptoms, or called the latent period. After 5-10 years of syphilis the disease will attack the brain nervous system, blood vessels and heart. In pregnant women syphilis can be transmitted to the baby and be born with damage to the skin, liver, spleen and mental retardation.



Many people mistakenly believe. They think oral sex is safe. In fact, sex in this way has proven to be infectious syphilis. Once the report published Center for Disease Control Prevention and the United States (CDCP) in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Added, the wound in the mouth due to syphilis, in turn, further increased the risk of HIV infection.

"Those who are in long-term monogamous relationships are not bound and perform oral sex, you should still use protection, like condoms, to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted diseases," said a research team from the Chicago Department of Public Health led by Dr. C. Ciesielski.

In monitoring what they do, the team found that the continued spread of syphilis through oral sex. The pattern of transmission that they are watching is changed in the period 1998 to 2002. When in the 1990s syphilis occurs only in the heterosexual, since 2001 the number of men who have sex with other men was recorded almost 60 percent.

Between 2000 and 2002 a team led Ciesielski also interviewed those affected by syphilis. The result, more than 14 percent of cases of syphilis infections occur through oral sex. This amount dlaporkan by 20 percent and 7 percent of gay men and heterosexual women.

Figures do not include transmission through oral sex which may occur at the relevant time also engage in intercourse. The danger, people with syphilis in the mouth may not show symptoms. The wound in the mouth commonly misunderstood as sprue or herpes. Whereas, in the wounds were hidden germs that cause syphilis.


Syphilis can be treated with penicillin or other antibiotics. According to statistics, treatment with the pill less effective than other treatments, because patients usually do not complete treatment. How to oldest and still effective is the injection of procaine penicillin in each buttock (procaine opted to reduce the pain); dose should be given a half in each buttock because when used as a dose will cause pain. Another way is to give azithromycin capsules by mouth (has a long duration) and must be observed. This method may fail because there are several types of syphilis resistant to azithromycin and about 10% of cases occurred in 2004. Other treatments are less effective because the patient is required to take pills several times per day.



Germs cause called Treponema pallidum. The period without symptoms lasted 3-4 weeks, sometimes up to 13 weeks. Then comes the bump around the genitals. Sometimes accompanied by dizziness and flu-like bone pain, which will go away without treatment. There are red spots on the body about 6-12 weeks after sex. These symptoms will disappear by itself and often the patient does not notice this.

During the first 2-3 years of this disease does not show any symptoms, or called the latent period. After 5-10 years of syphilis the disease will attack the brain nervous system, blood vessels and heart. In pregnant women syphilis can be transmitted to the baby and be born with damage to the skin, liver, spleen and mental retardation.



Many people mistakenly believe. They think oral sex is safe. In fact, sex in this way has proven to be infectious syphilis. Once the report published Center for Disease Control Prevention and the United States (CDCP) in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Added, the wound in the mouth due to syphilis, in turn, further increased the risk of HIV infection.

"Those who are in long-term monogamous relationships are not bound and perform oral sex, you should still use protection, like condoms, to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted diseases," said a research team from the Chicago Department of Public Health led by Dr. C. Ciesielski.

In monitoring what they do, the team found that the continued spread of syphilis through oral sex. The pattern of transmission that they are watching is changed in the period 1998 to 2002. When in the 1990s syphilis occurs only in the heterosexual, since 2001 the number of men who have sex with other men was recorded almost 60 percent.

Between 2000 and 2002 a team led Ciesielski also interviewed those affected by syphilis. The result, more than 14 percent of cases of syphilis infections occur through oral sex. This amount dlaporkan by 20 percent and 7 percent of gay men and heterosexual women.

Figures do not include transmission through oral sex which may occur at the relevant time also engage in intercourse. The danger, people with syphilis in the mouth may not show symptoms. The wound in the mouth commonly misunderstood as sprue or herpes. Whereas, in the wounds were hidden germs that cause syphilis.


Syphilis can be treated with penicillin or other antibiotics. According to statistics, treatment with the pill less effective than other treatments, because patients usually do not complete treatment. How to oldest and still effective is the injection of procaine penicillin in each buttock (procaine opted to reduce the pain); dose should be given a half in each buttock because when used as a dose will cause pain. Another way is to give azithromycin capsules by mouth (has a long duration) and must be observed. This method may fail because there are several types of syphilis resistant to azithromycin and about 10% of cases occurred in 2004. Other treatments are less effective because the patient is required to take pills several times per day.

TBC

TB disease is a disease belonging to the infections caused by bacteria Mikobakterium tuberculosis. TB disease can strike at anyone saja.Pria, women, old, young, rich and poor and anywhere.


TB disease transmission is through contaminated air by tuberculosis Mikobakterium released / issued by the TB patient during coughing, which in children is generally the source of infection comes from adults who suffered from tuberculosis. These bacteria enter the lungs and come together to develop into many (especially in people with low immunity), even these bacteria could also have spread through the blood vessels or lymph nodes, causing terinfeksinya other organs such as brain, kidney , gastrointestinal tract, bone, lymph nodes and the other that although most of the pulmonary organs.


The entry into the organ Mikobakterium pulmonary tuberculosis cause infection in the lungs, which occurred immediately the growth of bacteria colonies round (globular). With immunological reaction, the cells in the lung wall to prevent the TB bacteria is through the mechanism of scar tissue forming alamianya. As a result the TB bacteria will stay / rest (dormant) as they appear as tubercles on the X-ray examination or X-ray photo.


TB disease is caused by bacteria Mikobakterium tuberculosis, bacteria are rod-shaped and thus are resistant acid is also known as Acid Resistant Trunk (BTA).


Treatment for patients with TB disease will undergo a long process, and it ranged from 6 months to 9 months or even more. TB disease can be cured completely if the patient regularly taking medicines given doctors and improve her endurance with good nutrition.

During the treatment process, to find a better development then advised the patient to undergo both tests blood, sputum, urine and X-ray or x-rays every 3 month. The drug is generally given obtan Isoniazid and rifampin are the basic treatment for patients with TB, but because of the possibility of resistance to both drugs your doctor will decide to give additional drugs such as Pyrazinamide and streptomycin sulfate or ethambutol HCL as a single entity known as' Triple Drug '.


If a person suspected of suffering from or infected with TB disease, then there are some things that need to be checking for proper diagnosis memeberikan include:


- Examination of anatomic pathology (PA).

- X-ray chest (thorax photo).

- And the tuberculin test.

- Anamnesa both to patients and their families.

- Direct physical examination.

- Laboratory tests (blood, phlegm, fluid of the brain).

Disease Lupus

Disease lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by the immune system, which this system should protect the body from various diseases attacking the body opposite itself. Lupus disease caused by excessive antibody production. These antibodies rather than attacking the virus, germs or bacteria that enter the body, it attacks the immune system cells and tissues themselves. To diagnose this disease with certainty, needed a blood test or skin biopsy. Both to examine antibodies that arise when lupus is active.

Lupus disease usually attacks women productive. Although people with lupus facial skin and other body part appears red spots, but the disease is not contagious. Sometimes we underestimate the pain in the joints, all organs of the body feels sick or has abnormalities in the skin, or body feels tired and sensitive to prolonged sunlight. These are some of the symptoms of lupus.

Factors that allegedly was part of developing the disease Lupus are environmental factors, such as exposure to sunlight, stress, some drugs, and viruses. Therefore, for people with lupus are encouraged out of the house before 09:00 or after 16:00 o'clock. And when traveling, patients put on sun block or sun screen (protecting the skin from the sun) on the skin will be exposed.


There are three types of lupus, namely:

1. Discoid lupus, lupus skin manifestations of some types of skin disorders. Including the most widely attacked.

2. Lupus medicine, arising from drug side effects and will heal itself with drug-related discharge. Commonly associated with the use of drugs hydralazine (drug hypertension) and procainamide (to treat heartbeat irregular).

3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (LES), can cause complications such as lupus brain, lung lupus, lupus blood vessels of the fingers or toes, skin lupus, lupus kidney disease, lupus heart, blood lupus, lupus muscle, retina lupus, lupus arthritis, and others.

Herpes Simplex

Herpes simplex causes eruptions on the skin or mucous membranes.
This eruption will disappear, although the virus remains in the inactive state in the ganglia (nerve cell body), which supplies the sense of the infected area.


Herpes simplex infection characterized by recurrent episodes of small blisters on the skin or mucous membranes, which contain fluid and feel tender.


Periodically, the virus will be active again and began to multiply, often causing skin eruption of blisters on the same location as the previous infection.
The virus can also be found in the skin without causing blisters real, in this situation is a source of infection the virus to others.

The emergence of an eruption can be triggered by:
- Sun exposure
- Fever
- Physical or emotional stress
- Immune system suppression
- Medicines or certain foods.


Herpes simplex is marked by a recurrence of numbness, discomfort or itching, which felt a few hours to 2-3 days before the onset of blisters.
Blisters surrounded by red areas may appear anywhere on the skin or mucous membranes, but most often found in and around the mouth, lips and genitals.
Blisters (which can be painful) tend to form groups, which begabung each other to form a larger collection.


There are 2 types of herpes simplex virus that infects the skin, the HSV-1 and HSV-2.
HSV-1 is the cause of the wound in the lips (herpes labialis), and the wound in the cornea (herpes simplex keratitis); usually spread through contact with secretions from or around the mouth.
HSV-2 usually causes genital herpes and is transmitted primarily through direct contact with the wound during sexual intercourse.

Earache

It is important to know what is causing pain in the ear because the treatment can not be done without knowing beforehand. Ear pain can also cause pain in other parts of the body.

Pain in the ears can be caused due to various problems and some may be related to overall health. Ear pain also known as Otalgia and this is a common complaint in adults, but more often occurs in children.

The main causes of ear pain include middle ear infection, outer ear infections, infected cysts, Tinnitus, or the echo in the ears, the pressure from flying or diving, trauma and osteoarthritis.

Other causes of pain in the ears can also caused by foreign objects lodged in the ear canal. Some causes of ear pain, which is not connected to the ear, while the arthritis, including dental problems, sinus, and so forth.

To avoid ear pain, you should be careful in places such as concert loud, and you also have to be careful when putting something into the ear canal, including cotton bud.

There are many different types of pain in the ear and treatment depends on factors that cause pain in the ear. For serious ear problems you can contact the ENT specialist and consult with him. There is also time procedures such as surgery or injections are needed to eliminate this feeling sakitdi ear.


Some things you should know about the ear pain is pain that is not a disease but a symptom. Ear pain may actually result from various causes. Because it is very important to identify the cause of ear pain for mengetahu how to overcome the pain.

skin disease

skin diseases are not dangerous or in other words will not cause adverse effects on the survival of people affected by the disease, but tends more to the sense of itching experienced by the patient or may barakibat embarrassment or lack of confidence.

types of skin diseases :

1. Tinea versicolor

Tinea versicolor or Panu is one of skin disease caused by fungus. Tinea versicolor disease marked by patches found on the skin accompanied by intense itching when sweating. These patches can be white, brown or red color depending on the patient.
Tinea versicolor most common in young teens. Even so Tinea versicolor can be found in old-old patients.

2. Scabies

Scabies is a contagious skin disease, this disease in scientific language is called scabies, had symptoms of itching, and itching will be more of the night. Often appear in moist places in the body such as, hands, armpits, buttocks, groin and in the celang terkang fingers or toes.

3. Ringworm

Ringworm is a contagious skin disease caused by the function. Ringworm symptoms began to be recognized when there is a small baian rough on the skin and surrounded by a pink circle. Ringworm can be prevented by washing hands is perfect, body hygiene, and avoid contact with the patient.

How to prevention and treatment :

1. How to prevent skin diseases Tinea versicolor can be done by keeping the skin clean, and can be treated with antifungal drugs on the market, and can also be treated with traditional drugs like betel leaves mixed with lime and betel dioleh on infected skin Tinea versicolor.

2. Prevention of scurvy way can be done by washing sperai beds, towels and clothing used in yan 2 days later with warm water and detergent.

3. Ringworm can be treated with anti-fungal and mikonazol containing kloritomazol properly can eliminate the infection.

Runny Ears

The most frequent watery ear associated with outbreaks. A melt may consist than normal earwax or water. Colored earwax is a young war, war, old war or orange.

The main causes of runny ears is an outbreak with cecair cloudy or pus through the broken ear gegendang or perforated

The main causes of runny ears:

# Perfidy rather than stomping on the head, foreign object, the sound is too noisy, or a startling change of pressure (as in the kapalterbang), resulting gegendang broken or perforated ear.
# "Eczema" and other skin inflammation in the ear canal may cause bleeding.
# Cholesteatoma
# Tumors (smallpox).
# "Swimmers ear" - usually applies to the swimmer-swimmer and showed symptoms of itchiness, scaly, reddish and humidity ear canal.
# Outbreaks;

* "Otitis externa (outer ear and ear lobe)
* "Otitis media" (middle ear cavity)
* "Mastoiditis (mastoid cavities)

Melt properties provide clues to the stem-stem terbabit ear. Pesakit usually complain about hearing and pain. Pesakit selalunya valid complaint if an outbreak of illness at the outer ear (ear lobe and ear canal).

prevention:

* Bathroom: use of washed cotton with Vaseline and placed in the ear
* Swimming - to use silicon earplugs

Embryo

Stem cells or stem cells are cells that grow the beginnings of all human organs in human embryo development. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various mature cell types, such as nerve cells, heart muscle cells, skeletal muscle cells, and pancreatic cells. Stem cells are also able to regenerate itself.

Stem cells can be found in the blood in the placenta and umbilical cord, and spinal cord.

This is the process of embryonic development in the mother's womb:

begun in the week 4-8:

Formation occurs early embryo (early man) who already have a vascular system (blood circulation). Fetal heart started beating, and all other organs begin to form. Appear facial bones, eyes, toes, and this phase was tangan.Pada been formed amniotic sac consisting of two thin membranes. This membrane contains the amniotic fluid where the baby is floating in the womb. Amniotic fluid to keep the baby from injury from the impact from the outside during pregnancy.

8-12 weeks:

Organs of the main body of the fetus was formed. The shape of his head was now bigger than the body, so it can accommodate the growing brain rapidly. He also has a chin, nose, and eyelids clear. In the womb, the fetus can begin to do activities such as kicking gently.

weeks 12-16:

Fetal lungs begin to grow and heartbeat can be heard by means of ultrasound (USG). Her face began to form a particular expression, and in his eyes began to grow eyebrows and eyelashes. Now he can turn his head and opened his mouth. Her hair began to grow rough and color. Even her feet were already grown longer than her hand.

weeks 16-20:

Nose and ear clear, red skin, hair began to grow, and all parts are fully formed. Blood vessels seen clearly in the thin skin of the fetus. His body was covered with fine hair called lanugo. Little is now starting more regular and coordinated. He can suck his thumb and react to her mother's voice.

weeks 20-24:

At this time, genitals begin to form, open nostrils, and he started doing the breathing movement. Centers bones began to harden. Besides, now he began to have some time to sleep.

weeks 24-28:

Under the skin, the fat has started to pile up. In the scalp hair began to grew, his eyelids open, and the brain starts. He could hear now, either voice from within and from outside (the environment). She can recognize her voice and her heartbeat quickened when his mother spoke.

weeks 28-32:

Although the movement was already limited due to increasing weight, but his eyes had started to blink due to see light through her stomach wall. His head was pointing downward. Her lungs are not perfect, but if the moment he was born into the world, little likely to have been able to survive. Little is now perfectly formed.

week 36:

The baby often practice breathing, sucking, and swallowing. Fine hairs all over his body has disappeared and his body becomes more rounded. Babies conceived by Part of the pregnant woman for the first time will experience a decrease, which is falling into the pelvic cavity head (the baby is "down").

week 38:

His head has been in the pelvic cavity, ready to be born. This shows that when labor is near. Now, the baby as if "prepare themselves" for the birth to the world.

Sprue

Sprue is a disorder mouth disease most commonly found. Approximately 10% of the population suffers from this disease, and women more susceptible than men.

Sprue in the same place for two weeks to a month can be an indication of the oral cavity cancer.

There are several factors that allegedly cause the cause of ulcers. For example, bite wounds, consuming food or hot drinks, allergies, lack of vitamin C and iron, digestive disorders, oral hygiene is not maintained, psychological factors, and conditions that do not fit the body.

Stomatitis Aphtosa is a disorder of the mucous membranes of the mouth sores on the mouth in the form of a yellowish-white spots with slightly concave surface. The emergence of these ulcers with high pain.

Stomatitis Aphtous / Ulcer NOT BECAUSE OF LACK of Vitamin C, on the contrary SA known allergies caused by food allergies citrus or acidic, a weak immune conditions, certain medications, physical trauma (or the use of new dentures),

Asthma

Asthma is a condition in which narrowing of the respiratory tract experienced as hyperactivity of certain stimuli, which causes inflammation; constriction is temporary.

In asthma, constriction of the airways is a response to stimuli in the normal lung will not affect the respiratory tract. This narrowing can be triggered by various stimuli, such as pollen, dust, animal fur, smoke, cold air and exercise.

Diagnosis based on typical symptoms.

To confirm the diagnosis can be done over spirometri examination. Spirometri also used to assess the weight of the airway obstruction and to monitor treatment.

Determining factors of asthma triggers often not easy. Allergic skin test can help determine the allergens that trigger asthma symptoms. If the diagnosis is doubtful or if it is felt very important to know the trigger factors of asthma, it can be done bronchial challenge test.


An asthma attack can be prevented if the triggering factor is known and can be avoided. The attack triggered by exercise can be avoided by taking medication before exercise.

Hollow Tooth

A hollow tooth is not due to worms such as the opinion of those in the ancient times. This theory lasted until the 1700s until Willoughby Miller an American dentist who worked at the University of Berlin found the cause of tooth decay. He found that cavities caused by the meeting between the bacteria and sugar. Bacteria will convert sugar from food into acids remaining that caused the teeth to acid environment (natural environment should be the base of teeth) and the acid is what ultimately makes a small hole in the tooth enamel.

When a hole occurs in the tooth enamel, we have dental pain. However, a small hole next to the email can be a gap of food and bacteria will make a bigger hole to hole in dentin. At this time we will feel the pains in the teeth when eating. If allowed, the hole until the hole will be nervous that we will begin to feel a toothache. This process will not stop until the end teeth are gone and only the remaining tooth root.

In order not getting worse, so if you have a cavity you should visit your dentist immediately to treat it. Although many people do not like going to the dentist with a reason not care about the state of teeth, expensive worried, afraid or ashamed ridiculed for broken teeth, but going to the dentist is the best solution to overcome a toothache. Cavity can not heal by itself. Although, perhaps after suffering from a toothache, the pain may be gone but not improve the situation of teeth. Teeth will remain hollow, even the hole will keep getting bigger.

Toothache can not be considered an eye like some people thought, because if ignored, can make the teeth becomes swollen and inflamed. Also cavities can be a means of entrance channel into the germ line of blood that can cause kidney disease, lung, heart and other diseases.

If you have a toothache to a specialist immediately teeth.

Steps to be taken generally dentist is mending a broken tooth, if not too large hole.

If the hole in the tooth is too large and does not allow for patched, means that the teeth should be removed. Just as the process of dental fillings, the tooth can not be revoked immediately when the teeth still hurt. This is because when we feel the pain of teeth, the anesthetic drugs (drug resistant so as not to hurt when the teeth removed) can not penetrate the roots of teeth, so that when removed will cause great pain. New tooth extraction process can be done when the teeth have not felt sick and to relieve pain doctors will turn off the tooth nerve.

Kidney Stones

Kidney stones or urinary tract stones are generally caused by changing the normal balance of water, salt, minerals, and other substances in urine. Type of substance that rising levels determine the type of rock formed.

1. Uric acid stones; surface smooth, brown, and soft. These stones are formed from uric acid levels in urine high. Uric acid stone disease is usually accompanied by arthritis uric acid (gout arthritis).

2. Struvite stone; stones are usually shaped antlers. Arising from the content of ammonia in the urine high. High Ammonia is usually the result of urinary tract infection, because bacteria that cause infection can produce ammonia.

3. Cystine stones; shaped yellow crystals. Arising from high levels of cystine in the urine. This situation occurs in sistinuria disease. Stone of this type are rarely found, only one among a thousand. Cystine stones are usually about the patients aged 10 - 30 years.

4. Calcium stones; rock types are most commonly found. Great shape with a smooth surface. Can be a mixture of calcium with oxalate or calcium to phosphate. Calcium stones are often found in people who have excessive levels of vitamin D or parathyroid gland disorder. People who suffer from cancer, kidney disease, or disease can also suffer sarkoidosis calcium stones.

Tips to avoid kidney stone disease:

1. Balanced diet, exercise, and maintaining ideal body weight remained.

2. Do not hold your urine; urine can cause suppressed become more concentrated urine, or urinary tract infections. Concentrated urine and urinary tract infections are the supporting factors of stone formation.

3. Drinking water when i wake up at dawn today. This would immediately stimulate us to urinate, so that the water had crept art semalamam replaced with new ones.

4. Drink lots of water (8-10 glasses a day), thus becomes more dilute urine, thereby reducing the possibility of forming substances stones to belong together. By drinking a lot, colored urine is usually clear, not yellow anymore.

Breast Cancer

There are two types of cancer are a scourge of the Eve no matter where they are: breast cancer and cervical cancer, cervical cancer alias. Both were like a shadow of death.

Breast cancer is the aberrant growth of cells in the breast. Most lumps in the breast are benign tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body and not life-threatening. However, the tumor increases the risk of female breast cancer.

So far, not known for certain causes of breast cancer. However, there are a number of risk factors associated with cancer. Some risk factors can be controlled. Those who have children but not breast-feeding, smoking, drinking alcohol, high-fat diet, lack of exercise and cancer risk.

There is also a factor that can not be changed, such as genetics, gender, and age. Breast cancer affects more women although men can also be affected. Breast cancer risk increases with age. Eight of the 10 cases of breast cancer found in women aged 50 years and over.

Breast consists of milk glands, milk ducts leading to the nipple, fat and connective tissue, blood vessels and lymph vessels. Generally, breast cancer begins in the cells along the lines of milk, some others originated in the mammary gland and the rest in other breast tissue.

If you find lumps or wrinkles, breast shape is not symmetrical, drawn into the nipple, skin changes such as orange peel, enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit, inflammation or discharge from the nipple, should really pay attention and consult a physician.

Tonsils in Children

Tonsils are a pair of organs located in the numbered throat cavity in the left and right rear oral cavity. This organ has a duty to ward off germs that enter the mouth. Apart from the tonsils, the throat cavity there's more body fortress called adenoid, located in the ceiling above the cavity of the throat near the channel to a nose that has similar functions as an antidote tonsils incoming germs from the air into the airway.

Normal tonsil attack on childhood. At the age of childhood immune system is still weak.

At the time of endurance in good condition until the bacteria do not make the child sick, but when the body resistance can be decreased malignant germs and cause infections.

In normal circumstances the mouth and throat, there are lots of germs.

When exposed to infection, the tonsils become inflamed (swollen and red color) is accompanied by fever and pain in the throat, especially when swallowing food. Tonsillitis can be caused by viruses and bacteria. If the cause of the tonsils by the virus requires the patient enough pain medication, fever and infection treatment home and will heal by itself after the improved endurance. But when infections caused by bacteria so patients need antibiotics.

Seoarang child should do surgery on the tonsils if:

1. Middle ear infections are recurrent, life cavity infection or chronic inflammation of the throat, accompanied by chronic bad breath.

2. Tonsils had been turned into a source of disease rather than as an antidote to the disease.
Tonsils are said to be the source of the disease if it has become a den of germs that cause recurrent infections. In a healthy condition, tonsils serve as an antiseptic, but if too often exposed to infection, can become a den of germs. At that time there was no other choice tonsils must be removed. If the condition is left alone the infection can spread to other organs like the heart and kidneys.

3. Besides surgery necessary if the tonsils to swell too big to clog the airways that would cause the patient to have difficulty breathing and it is feared happened obstructive sleep apnea (stopping breathing during sleep).